{"id":11193,"date":"2022-05-12T14:44:43","date_gmt":"2022-05-12T12:44:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/trioptics.com\/us\/?page_id=11193"},"modified":"2024-04-23T15:05:04","modified_gmt":"2024-04-23T13:05:04","slug":"mtf-measurement","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/trioptics.com\/us\/markets-solutions\/mtf-measurement\/","title":{"rendered":"MTF measurement"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background fusion-parallax-none gradient-container-1 nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling lazyload\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-margin-top:-55px;--awb-margin-bottom:40px;--awb-margin-top-small:-55px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:40px;--awb-min-height:483px;--awb-min-height-medium:400px;--awb-min-height-small:200px;--awb-background-size:cover;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" data-bg=\"https:\/\/trioptics.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/05\/mtf.jpg\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1612px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-2 gradient-container-2 nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-sizes-top:0px;--awb-border-sizes-bottom:0px;--awb-border-sizes-left:0px;--awb-border-sizes-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-padding-right:0px;--awb-padding-left:0px;--awb-background-color:#ffffff;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" id=\"anchor-menu2\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last\" style=\"--awb-bg-color:#ffffff;--awb-bg-color-hover:#ffffff;--awb-bg-size:cover;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-button-wrapper\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat fusion-button-default-size button-default fusion-button-default button-1 fusion-button-default-span fusion-button-default-type anchor-menu-link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"#products\"><span class=\"fusion-button-text\">Products<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"fusion-button-wrapper\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat fusion-button-default-size button-default fusion-button-default button-2 fusion-button-default-span fusion-button-default-type anchor-menu-link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"#software\"><span class=\"fusion-button-text\">Software<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"fusion-button-wrapper\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat fusion-button-default-size button-default fusion-button-default button-3 fusion-button-default-span fusion-button-default-type anchor-menu-link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"#knowledge\"><span class=\"fusion-button-text\">Knowledge<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-3 gradient-container-3 nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" id=\"laschen-container\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-2 fusion_builder_column_1_2 1_2 fusion-one-half fusion-column-first lasche\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;width:50%;width:calc(50% - ( ( 4% ) * 0.5 ) );margin-right: 4%;\" id=\"lasche-dl\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element in-legacy-container\" style=\"--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-1 hover-type-none\" id=\"l-dl\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"55\" height=\"56\" alt=\"Downloads bei TRIOPTICS\" title=\"DOWNLOAD\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%2755%27%20height%3D%2756%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%2055%2056%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%2755%27%20height%3D%2756%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/trioptics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/IC_DONWLOAD.png\" class=\"lazyload img-responsive wp-image-904\"\/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-builder-row-inner fusion-row\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-0 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-1 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-two\"><h2 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:26;line-height:1.5;\">Product brochure<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\"><p>ImageMaster HR IR brochure<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/trioptics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/ImageMaster-HR-IR-2012_web-2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Download<\/a><\/p>\n<p>ImageMaster HR brochure<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/trioptics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/ImageMaster-HR-2016-EN-web-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a><\/p>\n<p>ImageMaster HR brochure &#8211; Options and Upgrades<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/trioptics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/IM-HR-Options-and-Upgrades.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Download<\/a><\/p>\n<p>ImageMaster HR TempControl brochure<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/trioptics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/ImageMaster-HR-TempControl-Brochure-EN-V-000-Web.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Download<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-3 fusion_builder_column_1_2 1_2 fusion-one-half fusion-column-last lasche\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;width:50%;width:calc(50% - ( ( 4% ) * 0.5 ) );\" id=\"lasche-vid\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element in-legacy-container\" style=\"--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-2 hover-type-none\" id=\"l-vid\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"55\" height=\"56\" alt=\"Videos bei TRIOPTICS\" title=\"VIDEO\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%2755%27%20height%3D%2756%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%2055%2056%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%2755%27%20height%3D%2756%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/trioptics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/IC_VIDEO.png\" class=\"lazyload img-responsive wp-image-905\"\/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-builder-row-inner fusion-row\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-1 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-video fusion-youtube\" style=\"--awb-max-width:600px;--awb-max-height:360px;\"><div class=\"video-shortcode\"><div class=\"fluid-width-video-wrapper\" style=\"padding-top:60%;\" ><div class=\"BorlabsCookie _brlbs-cb-youtube\"><div class=\"_brlbs-content-blocker\"> <div class=\"_brlbs-embed _brlbs-video-youtube\"> <img class=\"lazyload _brlbs-thumbnail\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/trioptics.com\/us\/wp-content\/plugins\/borlabs-cookie\/assets\/images\/cb-no-thumbnail.png\" alt=\"YouTube\"> <div class=\"_brlbs-caption\"> <p>Mit dem Laden des Videos akzeptieren Sie die Datenschutzerkl\u00e4rung von YouTube.<br><a href=\"https:\/\/policies.google.com\/privacy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Mehr erfahren<\/a><\/p> <p><a class=\"_brlbs-btn _brlbs-icon-play-white\" href=\"#\" data-borlabs-cookie-unblock role=\"button\">Video laden<\/a><\/p> <p><label><input type=\"checkbox\" name=\"unblockAll\" value=\"1\" checked> <small>YouTube immer entsperren<\/small><\/label><\/p> <\/div> <\/div> <\/div><div class=\"borlabs-hide\" data-borlabs-cookie-type=\"content-blocker\" data-borlabs-cookie-id=\"youtube\"><script type=\"text\/template\">PGlmcmFtZSB0aXRsZT0iWW91VHViZSB2aWRlbyBwbGF5ZXIgMSIgc3JjPSJodHRwczovL3d3dy55b3V0dWJlLW5vY29va2llLmNvbS9lbWJlZC9aMjNfUll6TllsND93bW9kZT10cmFuc3BhcmVudCZhdXRvcGxheT0wIiB3aWR0aD0iNjAwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjM2MCIgYWxsb3dmdWxsc2NyZWVuIGFsbG93PSJhdXRvcGxheTsgZnVsbHNjcmVlbiI+PC9pZnJhbWU+<\/script><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\"><p>ImageMaster\u00ae HR TempControl &#8211; Testing image quality in temperature ranges from -40\u00b0 C to 120\u00b0 C<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-4 gradient-container-4 nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-4 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last mwidth\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-2 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-center fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-one title-score\" style=\"--awb-font-size:36px;\"><h1 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-center fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:36;line-height:1.4;\"><p class=\"title-heading-center fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\">Solutions for MTF measurement tasks<\/p><\/h1><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-3 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-center fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-two\"><h2 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-center fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:26;line-height:1.5;\">MTF testing for image quality determination of optics<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-3\" style=\"--awb-text-transform:none;\"><p style=\"text-align: center\">With its ImageMaster<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> product range, TRIOPTICS is the market leader for MTF (modulation transfer function) measurement equipment for high-precision determination of image quality.\u00a0The ImageMaster<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> series has been specially developed for measuring the MTF to enable the precise determination of the imaging quality of lenses and optical systems. For this purpose, in addition to the MTF as the generally accepted method for determining the imaging quality of a lens, a variety of other optical parameters are measured.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">We offer a comprehensive product range for software-supported fully automatic measurement of the modulation transfer function (MTF) for both R&amp;D and production or optics manufacturing.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:40px;width:100%;\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-5 gradient-container-5 nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling fusion-equal-height-columns\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-padding-top:0px;--awb-padding-right:0px;--awb-padding-bottom:0px;--awb-padding-left:0px;--awb-background-color:#f4f6f6;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-5 fusion_builder_column_1_2 1_2 fusion-one-half fusion-column-first start-img start-left\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;width:50%;width:calc(50% - ( ( 0% ) * 0.5 ) );margin-right: 0%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper lazyload fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy fusion-empty-column-bg-image fusion-column-has-bg-image\" data-bg-url=\"https:\/\/trioptics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/MTF-measurement-of-smartphone-lenses.jpg\" data-bg=\"https:\/\/trioptics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/MTF-measurement-of-smartphone-lenses.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"fusion-empty-dims-img-placeholder fusion-no-large-visibility\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\"><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-6 fusion_builder_column_1_2 1_2 fusion-one-half fusion-column-last start-img-txt\" style=\"--awb-padding-top:40px;--awb-padding-right:30px;--awb-padding-left:30px;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;width:50%;width:calc(50% - ( ( 0% ) * 0.5 ) );\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-4 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-two title-score title-score-left\"><h2 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:26;line-height:1.5;\">Things to know about MTF measurement<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-4\" style=\"--awb-text-transform:none;\"><p>What is MTF and what is the purpose of MTF measurement?<\/p>\n<p>The modulation transfer function (MTF) is the generally accepted and fundamental parameter for the characterization of optical systems worldwide. MTF is a quantitative measure as well as an objective criterion for the imaging quality of optics.<\/p>\n<p>For which optics is the MTF measured?<\/p>\n<p>MTF is used for a wide range of optics from simple components such as spherical single lenses to complex lenses. Examples include photolithographic optics, intraocular lenses, endoscopes, riflescopes, telescopes, spotting scopes, binoculars, AR\/VR optics, cine lenses, automotive lenses and many others.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-6 gradient-container-6 nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling fusion-equal-height-columns\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-padding-top:0px;--awb-padding-right:0px;--awb-padding-bottom:0px;--awb-padding-left:0px;--awb-background-color:#f4f6f6;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-7 fusion_builder_column_1_2 1_2 fusion-one-half fusion-column-first start-img-txt\" style=\"--awb-padding-top:40px;--awb-padding-right:0px;--awb-padding-left:0px;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;width:50%;width:calc(50% - ( ( 0px ) * 0.5 ) );margin-right: 0px;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-5 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-two title-score title-score-left\"><h2 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:26;line-height:1.5;\">The importance of MTF measurement for optics<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-5\" style=\"--awb-text-transform:none;--awb-margin-right:15px;\"><p>The MTF is a tool for optical designers to quantify the overall imaging performance of a system in terms of resolution and contrast. Knowledge of the MTF curves of the lenses and camera sensors involved in an optical system is used for optimization of the optical system performance.<\/p>\n<p>Lenses can vary in their imaging quality during production. To meet the often high demands on imaging performance, lenses are characterized and evaluated using MTF as the most important parameter. MTF provides a meaningful quality function for the objective evaluation of optical systems in the optical industry. When it comes to imaging an object with the desired accuracy, MTF data provide the necessary basis for optical design. Resolution and contrast are of particular importance. MTF data can greatly simplify the selection of the appropriate lens for an application.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-8 fusion_builder_column_1_2 1_2 fusion-one-half fusion-column-last start-img start-right\" style=\"--awb-padding-top:0px;--awb-bg-color:#ffffff;--awb-bg-color-hover:#ffffff;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;width:50%;width:calc(50% - ( ( 0px ) * 0.5 ) );\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper lazyload fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy fusion-empty-column-bg-image fusion-column-has-bg-image\" data-bg-url=\"https:\/\/trioptics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/MTF_Linse_800x450.jpg\" data-bg=\"https:\/\/trioptics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/MTF_Linse_800x450.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"fusion-empty-dims-img-placeholder fusion-no-large-visibility\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\"><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"products\" class=\"fusion-container-anchor\"><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-7 car-start gradient-container-7 nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling fusion-equal-height-columns\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-padding-bottom:55px;--awb-background-color:#ffffff;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-9 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;width:100%;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-single sep-solid\" style=\"--awb-height:20px;--awb-amount:20px;--awb-sep-color:#f3f4f3;border-color:#f3f4f3;border-top-width:1px;\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:20px;width:100%;\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-6 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-center fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-two title-headline title-score large-h2\" style=\"--awb-margin-top:30px;--awb-margin-bottom:15px;\"><h2 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-center fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:26;line-height:1.5;\">Discover our products<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:20px;width:100%;\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"elegant-carousel-container elegant-carousel-1 \"><style type=\"text\/css\">.elegant-carousel-container.elegant-carousel-1 .elegant-carousel-item {border:0px solid ;}<\/style><script type=\"text\/javascript\" class=\"elegant-slick-settings\">var elegantSettings_eac1 = {\"vertical\":false,\"variableWidth\":false,\"slidesToShow\":4,\"slidesToScroll\":3,\"speed\":\"300\",\"fade\":false,\"infinite\":true,\"centerMode\":false,\"centerPadding\":false,\"accessibility\":true,\"adaptiveHeight\":true,\"arrows\":true,\"dots\":false,\"autoplay\":false,\"autoplaySpeed\":3000,\"draggable\":true,\"itemPadding\":\"0px 0px 25 0px\",\"itemMargin\":\"0px 5px 0px 5px\",\"nextArrowIcon\":\"\",\"prevArrowIcon\":\"\",\"arrowColor\":\"#666666\",\"arrowFontSize\":\"24px\",\"dotsIcon\":\"\",\"dotsColor\":\"#527087\",\"dotsColorActive\":\"#005387\",\"dotsFontSize\":\"18px\",\"pauseOnHover\":true,\"pauseOnDotsHover\":true,\"responsive\":[{\"breakpoint\":1024,\"settings\":{\"slidesToShow\":2,\"slidesToScroll\":2,\"variableWidth\":false,\"centerMode\":false,\"infinite\":true}},{\"breakpoint\":768,\"settings\":{\"slidesToShow\":2,\"slidesToScroll\":2,\"initialSlide\":0,\"variableWidth\":false,\"centerMode\":false,\"infinite\":true}},{\"breakpoint\":480,\"settings\":{\"slidesToShow\":\"1\",\"slidesToScroll\":\"1\",\"initialSlide\":0,\"variableWidth\":false,\"centerMode\":false,\"infinite\":true}}]};<\/script><div class=\"elegant-carousel elegant-slick\" data-carousel-id=\"eac1\" style=\"\"><div class=\"elegant-carousel-item elegant-carousel-item-1\"><div class=\"elegant-cards ecard-padding\" style=\"border-radius:  ;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/trioptics.com\/products\/imagemaster-hr-tempcontrol-universal-image-quality-mtf-testing\/\"><div class=\"elegant-cards-image-wrapper\"><img class=\"lazyload\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%27500%27%20height%3D%27500%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%20500%20500%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%27500%27%20height%3D%27500%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/trioptics.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/02\/DSC_9608-Setup-1-website.jpg\" alt=\"DSC_9608-Setup-1-website.jpg\" \/><\/div><div class=\"elegant-cards-description-wrapper elegant-align-center\" style=\"background-color:#ffffff;border-color:#dddddd;padding-bottom: 5px;\"><p class=\"elegant-cards-description\" style=\"font-family: &#039;Lato&#039; ;font-weight: 300;font-size:18px;\"><strong>ImageMaster<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> HR 2<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Image quality testing of small and medium-sized lenses .<\/p><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div> <div class=\"elegant-carousel-item elegant-carousel-item-2\"><div class=\"elegant-cards ecard-padding\" style=\"border-radius:  ;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/trioptics.com\/products\/imagemaster-hr-tempcontrol-universal-image-quality-mtf-testing\/\"><div class=\"elegant-cards-image-wrapper\"><img class=\"lazyload\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/trioptics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/ImageMaster-Universal-MTF-Test-Station-Wide-Spectral-Range.jpg\" alt=\"ImageMaster-Universal-MTF-Test-Station-Wide-Spectral-Range.jpg\" \/><\/div><div class=\"elegant-cards-description-wrapper elegant-align-center\" style=\"background-color:#ffffff;border-color:#dddddd;padding-bottom: 5px;\"><p class=\"elegant-cards-description\" style=\"font-family: &#039;Lato&#039; ;font-weight: 300;font-size:18px;\"><strong>ImageMaster<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> Universal<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>MTF measurement in the wide spectral range from UV to visible spectrum and IR.<\/p><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div> <div class=\"elegant-carousel-item elegant-carousel-item-3\"><div class=\"elegant-cards ecard-padding\" style=\"border-radius:  ;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/trioptics.com\/products\/imagemaster-pro-image-quality-mtf-testing\/\"><div class=\"elegant-cards-image-wrapper\"><img class=\"lazyload\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/trioptics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/ImageMaster-PRO-10-ImageQuality-and-MTF-Testing-device.jpg\" alt=\"ImageMaster-PRO-10-ImageQuality-and-MTF-Testing-device.jpg\" \/><\/div><div class=\"elegant-cards-description-wrapper elegant-align-center\" style=\"background-color:#ffffff;border-color:#dddddd;padding-bottom: 5px;\"><p class=\"elegant-cards-description\" style=\"font-family: &#039;Lato&#039; ;font-weight: 300;font-size:18px;\"><strong>ImageMaster<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> PRO<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Image quality and MTF tester for large series production.<\/p><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div> <div class=\"elegant-carousel-item elegant-carousel-item-4\"><div class=\"elegant-cards ecard-padding\" style=\"border-radius:  ;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/trioptics.com\/products\/imagemaster-vr-ar-image-quality-mtf-testing\/\"><div class=\"elegant-cards-image-wrapper\"><img class=\"lazyload\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/trioptics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/ImageMaster-Lab-AR-WaveguideTesting.jpg\" alt=\"ImageMaster-Lab-AR-WaveguideTesting.jpg\" \/><\/div><div class=\"elegant-cards-description-wrapper elegant-align-center\" style=\"background-color:#ffffff;border-color:#dddddd;padding-bottom: 5px;\"><p class=\"elegant-cards-description\" style=\"font-family: &#039;Lato&#039; ;font-weight: 300;font-size:18px;\"><strong>ImageMaster<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> VR\/AR<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Measurement systems for virtual and augmented reality optics.<\/p><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div> <div class=\"elegant-carousel-item elegant-carousel-item-5\"><div class=\"elegant-cards ecard-padding\" style=\"border-radius:  ;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/trioptics.com\/products\/imagemaster-hr-tempcontrol-universal-image-quality-mtf-testing\/\"><div class=\"elegant-cards-image-wrapper\"><img class=\"lazyload\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/trioptics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/ImageMaster-HR-TempControl-Image-Quality-Test-Wide-Temperature-Range.jpg\" alt=\"ImageMaster-HR-TempControl-Image-Quality-Test-Wide-Temperature-Range.jpg\" \/><\/div><div class=\"elegant-cards-description-wrapper elegant-align-center\" style=\"background-color:#ffffff;border-color:#dddddd;padding-bottom: 5px;\"><p class=\"elegant-cards-description\" style=\"font-family: &#039;Lato&#039; ;font-weight: 300;font-size:18px;\"><strong>ImageMaster<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> HR TempControl<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Testing image quality in temperature ranges from -40\u00b0C to 120\u00b0C.<\/p><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div> <div class=\"elegant-carousel-item elegant-carousel-item-6\"><div class=\"elegant-cards ecard-padding\" style=\"border-radius:  ;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/trioptics.com\/products\/imagemaster-cine-image-quality-mtf-testing\/\"><div class=\"elegant-cards-image-wrapper\"><img class=\"lazyload\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/trioptics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/ImageMaster-Cine-Flex-Image-Quality-Testing-Cine-Lenses.jpg\" alt=\"ImageMaster-Cine-Flex-Image-Quality-Testing-Cine-Lenses.jpg\" \/><\/div><div class=\"elegant-cards-description-wrapper elegant-align-center\" style=\"background-color:#ffffff;border-color:#dddddd;padding-bottom: 5px;\"><p class=\"elegant-cards-description\" style=\"font-family: &#039;Lato&#039; ;font-weight: 300;font-size:18px;\"><strong>ImageMaster<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> Cine<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Testing and fine-tuning of the image quality of high-quality lenses from the photo and film industry.<\/p><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div> <div class=\"elegant-carousel-item elegant-carousel-item-7\"><div class=\"elegant-cards ecard-padding\" style=\"border-radius:  ;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/trioptics.com\/products\/imagemaster-endo-image-quality-mtf-testing-endoscopes\/\"><div class=\"elegant-cards-image-wrapper\"><img class=\"lazyload\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/trioptics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/ImageMaster-Endopro.jpg\" alt=\"ImageMaster-Endopro.jpg\" \/><\/div><div class=\"elegant-cards-description-wrapper elegant-align-center\" style=\"background-color:#ffffff;border-color:#dddddd;padding-bottom: 5px;\"><p class=\"elegant-cards-description\" style=\"font-family: &#039;Lato&#039; ;font-weight: 300;font-size:18px;\"><strong>ImageMaster<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> ENDO PRO<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Image quality testing of rigid endoscopes.<\/p><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div> <div class=\"elegant-carousel-item elegant-carousel-item-8\"><div class=\"elegant-cards ecard-padding\" style=\"border-radius:  ;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/trioptics.com\/products\/imagemaster-afocal-image-quality-mtf-testing-riflescopes\/\"><div class=\"elegant-cards-image-wrapper\"><img class=\"lazyload\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/trioptics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/ImageMaster-Afocal-Telescope-Test-Bench.jpg\" alt=\"ImageMaster-Afocal-Telescope-Test-Bench.jpg\" \/><\/div><div class=\"elegant-cards-description-wrapper elegant-align-center\" style=\"background-color:#ffffff;border-color:#dddddd;padding-bottom: 5px;\"><p class=\"elegant-cards-description\" style=\"font-family: &#039;Lato&#039; ;font-weight: 300;font-size:18px;\"><strong>ImageMaster<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> Afocal<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Image quality testing for telescopes, riflescopes, binoculars and spotting scopes.<\/p><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;width:100%;\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"software\" class=\"fusion-container-anchor\"><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-8 gradient-container-8 nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-padding-top:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" id=\"software\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-10 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-7 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-center fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-two title-headline title-score large-h2\" style=\"--awb-margin-top:30px;--awb-margin-bottom:15px;\"><h2 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-center fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:26;line-height:1.5;\">Software solutions for R&amp;D and production<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:40px;margin-bottom:0px;width:100%;\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-11 fusion_builder_column_1_2 1_2 fusion-one-half fusion-column-first\" style=\"--awb-padding-right:20px;--awb-padding-left:20px;--awb-bg-size:cover;width:50%;width:calc(50% - ( ( 4% ) * 0.5 ) );margin-right: 4%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-8 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-three\"><h3 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:24;line-height:1.5;\">ImageMaster<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> MTF-Lab Software<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-6\"><p>User-friendly software for research and development as well as laboratory work.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-image-carousel fusion-image-carousel-auto fusion-image-carousel-1\"><div class=\"awb-carousel awb-swiper awb-swiper-carousel\" data-autoplay=\"no\" data-columns=\"1\" data-itemmargin=\"13\" data-itemwidth=\"180\" data-touchscroll=\"no\" data-imagesize=\"auto\" style=\"--awb-columns:1;\"><div class=\"swiper-wrapper awb-image-carousel-wrapper fusion-flex-align-items-center\"><div class=\"swiper-slide\"><div class=\"fusion-carousel-item-wrapper\"><div class=\"fusion-image-wrapper hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"842\" src=\"https:\/\/trioptics.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2019\/09\/MTF-Lab-Screenshot-1.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full lazyload\" alt=\"TRIOPTICS ImageMaster\u00aeSpecials Software\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%271024%27%20height%3D%27842%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%201024%20842%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%271024%27%20height%3D%27842%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/trioptics.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2019\/09\/MTF-Lab-Screenshot-1.png\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/trioptics.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2019\/09\/MTF-Lab-Screenshot-1-200x164.png 200w, https:\/\/trioptics.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2019\/09\/MTF-Lab-Screenshot-1-300x247.png 300w, https:\/\/trioptics.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2019\/09\/MTF-Lab-Screenshot-1-400x329.png 400w, https:\/\/trioptics.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2019\/09\/MTF-Lab-Screenshot-1-600x493.png 600w, https:\/\/trioptics.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2019\/09\/MTF-Lab-Screenshot-1-768x632.png 768w, https:\/\/trioptics.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2019\/09\/MTF-Lab-Screenshot-1-800x658.png 800w, https:\/\/trioptics.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2019\/09\/MTF-Lab-Screenshot-1.png 1024w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"awb-swiper-button awb-swiper-button-prev\"><i class=\"awb-icon-angle-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><div class=\"awb-swiper-button awb-swiper-button-next\"><i class=\"awb-icon-angle-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-12 fusion_builder_column_1_2 1_2 fusion-one-half fusion-column-last\" style=\"--awb-padding-right:20px;--awb-padding-left:20px;--awb-bg-size:cover;width:50%;width:calc(50% - ( ( 4% ) * 0.5 ) );\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-9 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-three\"><h3 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:24;line-height:1.5;\">ImageMaster<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> MTF-PRO Software<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-7\"><p>Software for MTF testing in production.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-image-carousel fusion-image-carousel-auto fusion-image-carousel-2\"><div class=\"awb-carousel awb-swiper awb-swiper-carousel\" data-autoplay=\"no\" data-columns=\"1\" data-itemmargin=\"13\" data-itemwidth=\"180\" data-touchscroll=\"no\" data-imagesize=\"auto\" style=\"--awb-columns:1;\"><div class=\"swiper-wrapper awb-image-carousel-wrapper fusion-flex-align-items-center\"><div class=\"swiper-slide\"><div class=\"fusion-carousel-item-wrapper\"><div class=\"fusion-image-wrapper hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"842\" src=\"https:\/\/trioptics.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2019\/09\/ImageMaster-PRO-AR-Software-Screen-Shot-V1.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full lazyload\" alt=\"Software for ImageMaster\u00ae PRO VR and PRO AR\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%271024%27%20height%3D%27842%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%201024%20842%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%271024%27%20height%3D%27842%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/trioptics.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2019\/09\/ImageMaster-PRO-AR-Software-Screen-Shot-V1.png\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/trioptics.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2019\/09\/ImageMaster-PRO-AR-Software-Screen-Shot-V1-200x164.png 200w, https:\/\/trioptics.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2019\/09\/ImageMaster-PRO-AR-Software-Screen-Shot-V1-300x247.png 300w, https:\/\/trioptics.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2019\/09\/ImageMaster-PRO-AR-Software-Screen-Shot-V1-400x329.png 400w, https:\/\/trioptics.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2019\/09\/ImageMaster-PRO-AR-Software-Screen-Shot-V1-600x493.png 600w, https:\/\/trioptics.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2019\/09\/ImageMaster-PRO-AR-Software-Screen-Shot-V1-768x632.png 768w, https:\/\/trioptics.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2019\/09\/ImageMaster-PRO-AR-Software-Screen-Shot-V1-800x658.png 800w, https:\/\/trioptics.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2019\/09\/ImageMaster-PRO-AR-Software-Screen-Shot-V1.png 1024w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\"><div class=\"fusion-carousel-item-wrapper\"><div class=\"fusion-image-wrapper hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"842\" src=\"https:\/\/trioptics.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2019\/08\/ImageMaster-PRO-10-Software-Screen-Shot-MTF-Testing-V1.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full lazyload\" alt=\"MTF-Lab-Screenshot\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%271024%27%20height%3D%27842%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%201024%20842%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%271024%27%20height%3D%27842%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/trioptics.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2019\/08\/ImageMaster-PRO-10-Software-Screen-Shot-MTF-Testing-V1.png\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/trioptics.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2019\/08\/ImageMaster-PRO-10-Software-Screen-Shot-MTF-Testing-V1-200x164.png 200w, https:\/\/trioptics.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2019\/08\/ImageMaster-PRO-10-Software-Screen-Shot-MTF-Testing-V1-300x247.png 300w, https:\/\/trioptics.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2019\/08\/ImageMaster-PRO-10-Software-Screen-Shot-MTF-Testing-V1-400x329.png 400w, https:\/\/trioptics.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2019\/08\/ImageMaster-PRO-10-Software-Screen-Shot-MTF-Testing-V1-600x493.png 600w, https:\/\/trioptics.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2019\/08\/ImageMaster-PRO-10-Software-Screen-Shot-MTF-Testing-V1-768x632.png 768w, https:\/\/trioptics.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2019\/08\/ImageMaster-PRO-10-Software-Screen-Shot-MTF-Testing-V1-800x658.png 800w, https:\/\/trioptics.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2019\/08\/ImageMaster-PRO-10-Software-Screen-Shot-MTF-Testing-V1.png 1024w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"awb-swiper-button awb-swiper-button-prev\"><i class=\"awb-icon-angle-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><div class=\"awb-swiper-button awb-swiper-button-next\"><i class=\"awb-icon-angle-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"knowlegde\" class=\"fusion-container-anchor\"><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-9 fusion-flex-container gradient-container-9 nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-padding-top:40px;--awb-background-color:#f3f4f3;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1612px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-13 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:20px;width:100%;\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-10 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-center fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-two title-score\" style=\"--awb-font-size:36px;\"><h2 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-center fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:36;line-height:1.5;\">MTF in detail<\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"knowledge\" class=\"fusion-container-anchor\"><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-10 gradient-container-10 nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling fusion-equal-height-columns\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-background-color:#f3f4f3;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-14 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last top-border\" style=\"--awb-padding-top:30px;--awb-padding-right:10px;--awb-padding-bottom:10px;--awb-padding-left:10px;--awb-bg-color:#ffffff;--awb-bg-color-hover:#ffffff;--awb-bg-size:cover;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-8\"><p>The Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) is an important aid to objective evaluation of the image-forming capability of optical systems. Not only that, the MTF also provides a means of expressing the imaging quality of optical systems objectively and quantitatively, but it can be calculated from the lens design data. In this way it allows optical and systems designers to predict reliably the performance of the optical systems. Manufacturers can compare the image quality of the manufactured lenses with the design expectations.<\/p>\n<p>The Modulation Transfer Function (MTF), describing the resolution and performance of an optical system, is the ratio of relative image contrast divided by relative object contrast.<\/p>\n<p>MTF = Relative Image Contrast\/Relative Object Contrast.<\/p>\n<p>When an object (illuminated target or reticle) is observed with an optical system, the resulting image will be somewhat degraded due to inevitable aberrations and diffraction phenomena. In addition, a real lens will not fully conform with the design data. Manufacturing errors, assembly and alignment errors in the optics will deteriorate the overall imaging performance of the system.<\/p>\n<p>As a result, in the image, bright highlights will not appear as bright as they do in the object, and dark or shadowed areas will not be as black as those observed in the original patterns. In general, an illuminated target can be defined by its spatial frequency (number of bright and dark areas per millimeter) and the contrast (the apparent difference in brightness between bright and dark areas of the image).<\/p>\n<p>By convention, the modulation transfer function is normalized to unity at zero spatial frequency. For low spatial frequencies, the modulation transfer function is close to 1 (or 100%) and generally falls as the spatial frequency increases until it reaches zero. The contrast values are lower for higher spatial frequencies as shown above. As spatial frequency increases, the MTF curve falls until it reaches zero. This is the limit of resolution for a given optical system or what is known as the cut off frequency (see figure below). When the contrast value reaches zero, the image becomes a uniform shade of grey.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:20px;width:100%;\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-image-element fusion-image-align-center in-legacy-container\" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-max-width:100%;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><div class=\"imageframe-align-center\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-3 hover-type-zoomin\"><a href=\"https:\/\/trioptics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/A-perfect-grid-pattern.jpg\" class=\"fusion-lightbox\" data-rel=\"iLightbox[451eabdd17defa40c44]\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/trioptics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/A-perfect-grid-pattern.jpg\" alt class=\"lazyload img-responsive\"\/><\/a><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-9\"><p style=\"text-align: center\">Fig.1: The grids shown in the figure are actually no longer used in order to measure the MTF.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:20px;width:100%;\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-10\"><p>Modern MTF- Testers like the ImageMaster\u00ae use a single illuminated slit on an opaque background as the object. From a mathematical point of view a single slit can be regarded as the sum over all spatial frequencies (Fourier synthesis). All frequencies contribute with the same amplitude (=1) to this slit, not taking the finite slit width into account for this description. This single slit will be imaged into the image plane of the sample. Due to diffraction and aberrations, there will be no perfect slit image in this plane, instead the slit image is broadened. It represents the Line Spread Function (LSF).<\/p>\n<p>The contribution of each spatial frequency to the LSF can be calculated on the basis of the Fourier analysis. Actually, the amplitude of each spatial frequency is equal to the contrast at this frequency. The Fourier analysis of the Line Spread Function corresponds to the MTF of the sample. Taking a single image of the LSF unveils the complete MTF.<\/p>\n<p>Alternatively, it is also possible to use a cross (i.e. two perpendicular slits) for the target. This enables the ImageMaster\u00ae to measure the MTF in two image directions simultaneously provided a CCD camera is used for the image analyzer. And finally, a pinhole target can be used as the object, too. The image of a pinhole target is called the Point Spread Function. This function contains the complete MTF information in all image directions. The basic terms and mathematical relations used for MTF are described in the ISO 9334 standard.<\/p>\n<p>The modulation transfer function varies in relation to the spatial frequency and also with the position in the field of view. The MTF measurement along the axis of symmetry of the optical system is known as on-axis measurement.<\/p>\n<p>To completely characterize the imaging performance of an optical system, the MTF must be measured at different positions within the field of view. The MTF measurement within the field of view is known as off-axis measurement. In order to achieve an off-axis measurement, the target is moved in the field of view at the desired object position and the image analyzer to the corresponding image position.<\/p>\n<p>The MTF measurement can be accomplished at a single wavelength or in a spectral range covering a finite band of wavelengths. The resulting measurement data are known as monochromatic or polychromatic MTF values, respectively.<\/p>\n<p>Usually, the MTF is used in its one-dimensional form, calculated for one azimuthal section through the image plane. The azimuth (section plane) of the object pattern is called the sagittal azimuth when the prolongation of the slit or object passes through the reference axis. When the prolongation of the slit pattern is perpendicular to the reference axis, the azimuth is called the tangential azimuth.<\/p>\n<p>In this so-called finite-finite imaging condition the illuminated slit or crosshair target is directly moved in the object plane of the sample. In the more common infinite-finite imaging condition, the illuminated slit or crosshair is part of a collimator projecting the target to infinity. The collimator is then oriented at different offaxis angles for characterizing the MTF at the corresponding image fields.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-11 gradient-container-11 nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling fusion-equal-height-columns\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-background-color:#f3f4f3;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-15 fusion_builder_column_2_3 2_3 fusion-two-third fusion-column-first top-border\" style=\"--awb-padding-top:30px;--awb-padding-right:10px;--awb-padding-bottom:10px;--awb-padding-left:10px;--awb-bg-color:#ffffff;--awb-bg-color-hover:#ffffff;--awb-bg-size:cover;width:66.666666666667%;width:calc(66.666666666667% - ( ( 4% ) * 0.66666666666667 ) );margin-right: 4%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-11 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-center fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-three title-score-left\"><h3 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-center fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:24;line-height:1.5;\"><p style=\"text-align: left\">MTF measurement &#8211; TRIOPTICS solutions for current challenges<\/p><\/h3><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:20px;width:100%;\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-11\" style=\"--awb-text-transform:none;\"><p>TRIOPTICS offers a broad product portfolio in the field of MTF measurement. This also includes model variants for measurement requirements that result from the latest technology trends for smartphone camera optics.<\/p>\n<p>One new technology in the mobile phone market is under-display camera technology \u2013 camera optics are almost invisibly hidden under full-screen display surfaces.<\/p>\n<p>High-resolution, professional photography and the zoom capability of cameras are two further key drivers for the future. All three trends cause new challenges for measurement technology, for which TRIOPTICS is introducing customized measurement solutions for image quality testing.<\/p>\n<p>For years, the <a href=\"https:\/\/trioptics.com\/products\/imagemaster-pro-image-quality-mtf-testing\/\">ImageMaster<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> PRO<\/a> product family has set the global standard for testing the imaging quality of mobile phone camera lenses in mass production.<\/p>\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/trioptics.com\/products\/imagemaster-pro-image-quality-mtf-testing\/\">ImageMaster<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> PRO<\/a> devices are the fastest and most precise devices worldwide.<\/p>\n<p>With the three new developments of the <a href=\"https:\/\/trioptics.com\/products\/imagemaster-pro-image-quality-mtf-testing\/\">ImageMaster<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> PRO<\/a> series TRIOPTICS underlines its technology leadership also for the production of future mobile phone camera lenses.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-16 fusion_builder_column_1_3 1_3 fusion-one-third fusion-column-last top-border\" style=\"--awb-padding-top:30px;--awb-padding-right:30px;--awb-padding-bottom:10px;--awb-padding-left:20px;--awb-bg-color:#058b8c;--awb-bg-color-hover:#058b8c;--awb-bg-size:cover;width:33.333333333333%;width:calc(33.333333333333% - ( ( 4% ) * 0.33333333333333 ) );\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-12 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-three\" style=\"--awb-text-color:#ffffff;\"><h3 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:24;line-height:1.5;\">More knowledge for experts<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-12 knowledge-green\" style=\"--awb-text-transform:none;\"><p>This article inspired you? Are you looking for further knowledge transfer?<br \/>\nThen you might also be interested in the following topics &#8230;<\/p>\n<div class=\"arrow-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/trioptics.com\/products\/opticentric-lens-centration-and-alignment\/#knowledge-base\">System for centration testing:<br \/>\nOptiCentric<sup>\u00ae<\/sup><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-12 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background gradient-container-12 hundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-background-color:#c5c7c4;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"width:104% !important;max-width:104% 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